Objective To compare the levels of laboratory indices in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) in different Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes and concomitant atherosclerosis (AS). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 122 patients with pSS and concomitant AS, and they were assigned to syndromes of yin deficiency with fluid deficit, deficiency of both qi and yin, yin deficiency with heat toxicity, and yin deficiency and blood stasis according to the Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell counts, monocyte counts, neutrophil counts, C⁃reactive protein (CRP) level, and levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, interleukin 6 (IL⁃6), interleukin 2 receptor (IL⁃2R), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF⁃α) were compared between patients with different syndromes. Results Among 122 patients with pSS and concomitant AS, there were 23, 37, 19, and 43 cases of syndromes of yin deficiency with fluid deficit, deficiency of both qi and yin, yin deficiency with heat toxicity, and yin deficiency and blood stasis, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in ESR, monocyte counts, neutrophil counts, white blood cell counts, and in levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, IL⁃6, TNF⁃α between patients with different Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes (P>0.05). Patients with yin deficiency with heat toxicity syndrome obtained higher levels of serum IL⁃2R and CRP as compared with other syndromes (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with pSS are prone to concomitant AS, and yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome is more common. Patients with yin deficiency with heat toxicity syndrome obtain higher serum IL⁃2R and CRP levels as compared with other syndromes.

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