Objective　To analyze the laboratory indices in ICU patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction of different Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes. Methods　A total of 298 ICU patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction were divided into 4 Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes groups as follows: deficiency in spleen and stomach syndrome (105 cases), yin deficiency of spleen and stomach syndrome (80 cases), disharmony between liver and stomach syndrome (83 cases), or dampness⁃heat obstruction syndrome (30 cases); in addition, 298 healthy check⁃up individuals were included as the control group. Comparisons were made between the five groups regarding CD3+ T lymphocytes level, CD4+ T lymphocytes level, and CD4+⁃to⁃CD8+ ratio, and gastrointestinal function indices (serum substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and motilin) levels, and gastrointestinal barrier function indices (D⁃lactate, diamine oxidase, and endotoxin) levels. Results The deficiency in spleen and stomach syndrome, yin deficiency of spleen and stomach syndrome, disharmony between liver and stomach syndrome, and dampness⁃heat obstruction syndrome groups exhibited lower levels of CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and a lower CD4+/CD8+ value compared to the control group; furthermore, the deficiency in spleen and stomach syndrome group yielded a lower CD3+ T lymphocytes level as compared with the yin deficiency of spleen and stomach syndrome, disharmony between liver and stomach syndrome, and dampness⁃heat obstruction syndrome groups, while the yin deficiency of spleen and stomach syndrome group interpreted a lower CD4+/CD8+ value compared to the disharmony between liver and stomach syndrome, deficiency in spleen and stomach syndrome, and dampness⁃heat obstruction syndrome groups; in addition, the deficiency in spleen and stomach syndrome, and disharmony between liver and stomach syndrome groups indicated a lower CD4+/CD8+ value as compared with the dampness⁃heat obstruction syndrome group (P<0.05). Serum substance P, D⁃lactate, diamine oxidase, and endotoxin levels were higher in the deficiency in spleen and stomach syndrome, yin deficiency of spleen and stomach syndrome, disharmony between liver and stomach syndrome, and dampness⁃heat obstruction syndrome groups than in the control group, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide and motilin levels were lower compared with the control group; moreover, the yin deficiency of spleen and stomach syndrome, and disharmony between liver and stomach syndrome groups expressed a lower serum substance P but a higher motilin level as compared with the deficiency in spleen and stomach syndrome and dampness⁃heat obstruction syndrome groups. The deficiency in spleen and stomach syndrome group exhibited higher levels of D⁃lactate, diamine oxidase, and endotoxin as compared with the yin deficiency of spleen and stomach syndrome, disharmony between liver and stomach syndrome, and dampness⁃heat obstruction syndrome groups (P<0.05). Conclusion ICU patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction across different Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes demonstrate impaired immune function, gastrointestinal function, and gastrointestinal barrier function compared to healthy individuals, with variations in these indices levels among patients with different Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes. Patients with deficiency in spleen and stomach syndrome exhibit relatively lower CD3+ T lymphocytes level, more severe gastrointestinal function damage, and poorer gastrointestinal barrier function.  

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