Objective To analyze the medication rules of national patent Traditional Chinese Medicine compound formulas for the prevention and treatment of hypertension through data mining technology. Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine compound formulas for the prevention and treatment of hypertension published or authorized up to October 2023 were retrieved from the China Patent Publication Announcement website. The Cloud Platform for Ancient and Modern Medical Cases (V2.3.5) was used to statistically analyze the frequency of use, properties, flavors, meridian entry, and effect of the Traditional Chinese Medicine in the compound formulas. Association rule analysis, cluster analysis, and complex network analysis were also performed. Results A total of 821 patent Traditional Chinese Medicine compound formulas for hypertension prevention and treatment were included, involving 955 distinct Traditional Chinese Medicines. There were 50 high⁃frequency herbs (used ≥50 times), with the top 10 being Uncariae ramulus, Prunellae spica, Eucommiae cortex, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma, Chuanxiong rhizoma, Gastrodiae rhizoma, Achyranthis bidentatae radix, Puerariae lobatae radix, Cassiae semen, and Chrysanthemi flos. The 955 Traditional Chinese Medicines were primarily cold and moderate in property, sweet and bitter in flavor, and mainly attributed to the liver and kidney meridians. Their effects were predominantly clearing heat and purging fire, pacifying the liver and extinguishing wind, and activating blood circulation and resolving stasis. The results of association rule analysis revealed that the pair Prunellae spica⁃ Uncariae ramulus had the highest association degree. Cluster analysis grouped the 50 high⁃frequency herbs into 9 categories. Complex network analysis identified the core formula for hypertension prevention and treatment as: Prunellae spica, Uncariae ramulus, Gastrodiae rhizoma, Eucommiae cortex, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma, Chuanxiong rhizoma, Achyranthis bidentatae radix, Puerariae lobatae radix. Conclusion Patent Traditional Chinese Medicine compound formulas for the prevention and treatment of hypertension predominantly utilize herbs with effects such as pacifying the liver and subduing yang, tonifying and benefiting the liver and kidney, and clearing the liver and draining fire. This aligns with the key pathogenesis of hypertension, which primarily involves liver yang hyperactivity, internal retention of phlegm⁃fluid, and kidney yin deficiency, often accompanied by static blood stasis.

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