Objective To investigate the efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage with N⁃acetylcysteine (NAC) solution for the treatment of children with lobar pneumonia. Methods A total of 90 children with lobar pneumonia were enrolled, and they were randomly assigned to control group or observation group, with 45 cases in each group. Routine therapy was given to both groups, based on which normal saline and NAC solution combined with normal saline were given to children for undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage in the control and observation groups, respectively. The two groups were compared in terms of the time required for cough improvement, the time for symmetrical lung breath sounds, the time for wheezing recovery, the time for fever resolution, the duration of antibiotic use, the length of hospital stay, and the time for lung rales to disappear, as well as 2⁃week post⁃treatment white blood cell counts, neutrophil percentage, serum C⁃reactive protein (CRP) level, and clinical efficacy. Results After 2 weeks of treatment, the observation group exhibited shorter time required for cough improvement, time for symmetrical lung breath sounds, time for wheezing recovery, and time for fever resolution compared to the control group (P<0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, both groups interpreted lower neutrophil percentage and serum CRP level as compared with before treatment, and the aforementioned indices of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group (P<0.05). No adverse reaction related to treatment in both groups was occurred. Conclusion Bronchoalveolar lavage with NAC solution for the treatment of children with lobar pneumonia can more effectively ameliorate clinical manifestations in children, reduce inflammatory responses, and improve efficacy with a favorable safety.

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