广西医学

目的探讨不同吸烟状况与心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的相关性。方法基于2015—2024年开展的“心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目”背景，选取广西壮族自治区南宁市、桂林市、钦州市、百色市、贵港市、贺州市、防城港市和梧州市所辖的县区作为研究区域，以村庄或者社区为基本抽样单位，采用整体抽样的方法，对18万余名年龄35~75岁的居民进行调查。分析不同人口学特征人群吸烟状况，比较不同吸烟状况人群的CVD危险因素差异，比较不同年龄层不同吸烟状态人群血压、空腹血糖（FBG）水平及高血压率、糖尿病率、血脂异常率，并针对过去吸烟人群分析其戒烟原因。结果最终共纳入35 165名男性居民，其中从不吸烟者占比47.3%（16 627/35 165），现在吸烟者占比44.1%（15 509/35 165），过去吸烟者占比8.6%（3 029/35 165）。不同居住地、年龄、受教育程度、民族、职业、婚姻状况、家庭年收入人群的吸烟状况差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。过去吸烟居民的年龄、收缩压、FBG水平、中心性肥胖率、高血压率、糖尿病率、CVD高危人群占比高于从不吸烟和现在大部分天数吸烟居民（P<0.05）；现在偶尔吸烟和现在大部分天数吸烟居民的收缩压、舒张压、FBG水平、高血压率、糖尿病率、CVD高危人群占比低于从不吸烟和现在每天吸烟居民（P<0.05）。在不同年龄层中，不同吸烟状态人群的收缩压、FBG水平及高血压率、糖尿病率和血脂异常率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3 029名过去吸烟居民中，45.1%因担心影响今后的健康而戒烟，30.2%因所患疾病而戒烟，6.9%因家庭成员反对而戒烟，2.3%因经济负担过重而戒烟，其余15.5%因其他原因而戒烟。结论吸烟状况与CVD危险因素之间关系密切，应针对不同吸烟状况人群采取综合性干预措施，以降低CVD的发生风险。

Objective To explore the correlation between different smoking status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods Based on the Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project for High⁃risk Population of Cardiovascular Disease conducted from 2015 to 2024, counties and districts under the jurisdiction of Nanning, Guilin, Qinzhou, Baise, Guigang, Hezhou, Fangchenggang, and Wuzhou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as the research areas. Villages or communities were taken as the basic sampling units, and a whole sampling method was adopted to investigate over 180 000 residents aged 35 to 75 years. The smoking status of different demographic characteristic groups was analyzed, and the differences in CVD risk factors between different smoking status groups were compared. The blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, and the rates of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia between different age groups and different smoking status groups were compared. The reasons for quitting smoking among past smokers were also analyzed. Results A total of 35 165 male residents were included in the final analysis. Among them, 47.3% (16 627/35 165) were never smokers, 44.1% (15 509/35 165) were current smokers, and 8.6% (3029/35 165) were past smokers. There were statistically significant differences in smoking status between groups with different regions of residence, ages, educational levels, ethnicity, occupations, marital status, and annual household incomes (P<0.05). The age, systolic blood pressure, FBG level, central obesity rate, hypertension rate, diabetes rate, and the proportion of high⁃risk CVD population among past smokers were higher than those among never smokers and current smokers in most of the days (P<0.05). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, FBG level, hypertension rate, diabetes rate, and the proportion of high⁃risk CVD population among current occasional smokers and current smokers in most of the days were lower than those among never smokers and current daily smokers (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in systolic blood pressure, FBG level, and hypertension rate, diabetes rate, and dyslipidemia rate between groups with different ages and smoking status (P<0.05). Among the 3029 past smokers, 45.1% quit smoking due to concerns about future health, 30.2% due to existing diseases, 6.9% due to opposition from family members, 2.3% due to heavy economic burden, and the remaining 15.5% due to other reasons. Conclusion There is a close relation between smoking status and CVD risk factors. Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken for different smoking status groups to reduce the occurrence risk of CVD.