广西医学

目的分析2006—2023年柳州市新发职业病病例的特征，为做好职业病防治与管理提供科学依据。方法通过“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”收集2006—2023年柳州市新报告的职业病病例资料。描述性统计分析病例的人口学特征、种类分布、时间分布、地区分布、行业分类等信息。结果（1）2006—2023年柳州市共报告新发职业病262例，以男性为主（占90.46%），平均发病年龄为50.44岁，中位接害工龄为20.5年。（2）位居前3的类别依次为职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病（65.27%）、职业性化学中毒（21.37%）和职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病（11.83%），分别以尘肺病、急性硫化氢中毒、职业性噪声聋为主。（3）2006—2014年柳州市新发职业病以尘肺病为主，2015—2023年以职业性噪声聋为主。（4）尘肺病主要分布在柳北区（81.65%），职业性化学中毒主要分布在城中区（37.50%），职业性噪声聋分布主要在柳南区和鹿寨县（70.00%）。（5）尘肺病病例主要集中在黑色/有色金属冶炼和压延加工业（80.38%），职业性化学中毒主要集中在造纸和纸制品业（39.29%），职业性噪声聋主要集中在化学原料和化学制品制造业及其他机械制造行业（63.33%）。（6）柳州市新发职业病病例主要集中在国有企业（70.23%）或大中型企业（81.68%）。结论 2006—2023年柳州市新发职业病病例数整体呈下降趋势，病例的地区、行业、企业分布集中趋势明显。随着职业病发病趋势及疾病谱的变化，职业病防控工作的重点应相应调整，建议依托广西职业病危害专项治理工作，进一步提升重点地区、重点行业及危害程度严重企业的职业病防治水平，切实保护劳动者的职业健康权益。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of new⁃onset cases of occupational diseases in Liuzhou from 2006 to 2023, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control, and management of occupational diseases. Methods Data of new⁃reported cases with occupational diseases in Liuzhou from 2006 to 2023 were collected through the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Monitoring Information System. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on demographic characteristics, distribution of disease categories, time distribution, regional distribution, and industry classification of cases, etc. Results (1) A total of 262 new⁃onset cases of occupational diseases were reported in Liuzhou from 2006 to 2023, which were male⁃dominated (accounting for 90.46%), with the average onset age of 50.44 years old, and the median working age of injury was 20.5 years. (2) The top three categories were occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (65.27%), occupational chemical poisoning (21.37%), and occupational otorhinolaryngological and oral diseases (11.83%), mainly pneumoconiosis, acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning, and occupational noise⁃induced deafness, respectively. (3) From 2006 to 2014, pneumoconiosis was the primary new⁃onset occupational disease, while from 2015 to 2023, occupational noise⁃induced deafness became predominant in Liuzhou. (4) Pneumoconiosis cases were mainly distributed in Liubei District (81.65%), occupational chemical poisoning was most prevalent in Chengzhong District (37.50%), and occupational noise⁃induced deafness was primarily reported in Liunan District and Luzhai County (70.00%). (5) Cases of pneumoconiosis were mainly concentrated in ferrous/non⁃ferrous metal smelting and calendering industry (80.38%), of occupational chemical poisoning in paper and paper products industry (39.29%), and of occupational noise⁃induced deafness in chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industries as well as other machinery manufacturing industries (63.33%). (6) New⁃onset cases of occupational diseases in Liuzhou were mainly concentrated in state⁃owned enterprises (70.23%) or large and medium⁃sized enterprises (81.68%). Conclusion From 2006 to 2023, the number of new⁃onset cases with occupational diseases in Liuzhou reveals an overall downward trend, and the distribution of regions, industries and enterprises in cases has an obvious concentration trend. With the changes in the morbidity trend and disease spectrum of occupational diseases, the focus of occupational disease prevention and control works should be adjusted accordingly. It is suggested to further improve the level of occupational disease prevention and control in key areas, key industries and enterprises with serious hazards, and effectively protect the occupational health rights of workers relying on the special control of occupational disease hazards in Guangxi.