广西医学

目的分析柳州市主要大气污染物对人群健康的影响。方法基于2023年柳州市环境空气质量监测数据，分析大气污染物特征，利用环境暴露风险评价模型评估大气污染物的健康风险。结果柳州市二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO2）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、细颗粒物（PM2.5）年平均浓度低于国家二级标准；空气质量综合指数呈现夏低冬高春反弹的“W”字型趋势，1—3月和12月空气质量优良天数比率最低，4—11月空气质量优良天数比率最高。SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5健康风险均未超过美国国家环境保护局推荐值；18~59岁成人健康风险高于其他年龄段，男性健康风险高于女性，颗粒物污染物的健康风险高于气态污染物，PM2.5的健康风险高于PM10。结论 2023年广西柳州市城区及各县、自治县环境空气质量呈季节性改变，颗粒污染物的健康风险高于气态污染物，但总体环境空气质量较好，人群健康危险度较低。

Objective To analyze the effect of major air pollutants on population health in Liuzhou. Methods Based on the monitoring data of ambient air quality in Liuzhou in 2023, the characteristics of air pollutants were analyzed, and the health risks of air pollutants were evaluated by using the environmental exposure risk assessment model. Results The average annual concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), PM10 and PM2.5 in Liuzhou were lower than the secondary national standard. The composite air quality index exhibited a W⁃shaped trend of low in summer, high in winter, and rebounded in spring. The ratio of days with good air quality was the lowest in January⁃March and December, and the ratio of days with good air quality was the highest in April⁃November. The health risks of SO2, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 did not exceed the recommended value of the United State Environmental Protection Agency. The health risk of adults aged 18-59 years was higher than that of other age groups, the health risk of men was higher than that of women, the health risk of particulate air pollution was higher than that of gaseous air pollution, and the health risk of PM2.5 was higher than that of PM10. Conclusion The ambient air quality in various urban districts, counties and autonomous counties of Liuzhou reveals obvious seasonal changes. The health risk of particulate pollutants is higher than that of gaseous pollutants, but the overall ambient air quality is good, and the health risk of people is low.

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