Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and CT manifestations of non⁃Hodgkin lymphoma of maxillary sinus (NHLMS). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and CT image data of 15 patients pathologically confirmed as NHLMS. The location, shape, density, enhancement pattern, extent of invasion and bony changes of the lesions were summarized. Results The early symptoms of NHLMS patients were nonspecific, but as the disease progressed, more noticeable symptoms such as swelling, pain, and numbness in the maxillofacial soft tissues might develop. CT manifestations of 15 NHLMS patients were as follows: (1) unilateral maxillary sinus presented as localized soft tissue density shadows, therein 13 cases exhibited homogeneous density of lesions, while 2 exhibited heterogeneous density. (2) Surrounding structures were invaded, among which 14 cases involved the nasal cavity, 11 involved the posterolateral wall and retro⁃maxillary space, 9 involved the maxillofacial region, 6 involved the orbit, and 4 involved the oral cavity. (3) Bony changes were in the sinus wall, therein 11 cases interpreted mild/infiltrative changes, 3 had significant osteolytic destruction with perisinus soft tissue infiltration, and 1 had normal bone structure. (4) Contrast⁃enhanced scans revealed progressive enhancement. Conclusion The clinical manifestations and CT findings of NHLMS have characteristics to a certain extent, among which CT examination can directly reveal the extent of the lesion, which provides a reliable basis for clinical staging and formulating therapeutic regimen.

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