Talaromycosis marneffei, originally defined as an endemic mycosis prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asian countries, has a high morbidity among HIV/AIDS populations. However, influenced by globalization and population mobility, the morbidity of Talaromycosis marneffei has been increasing in non⁃endemic regions and HIV⁃negative populations in recent years, with diverse clinical manifestations. It has now become a “neglected tropical disease”. This study comprehensively analyzes the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of Talaromycosis marneffei, and proposes future strategies for optimizing long⁃term management and prevention and control measures for the disease.

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