Aortic stenosis is predominantly a congenital disease and represents the most common form of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in children, primarily caused by bicuspid aortic valve malformation. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) has replaced surgical intervention as the preferred regimen for initial treatment for congenital aortic stenosis (CAS) in children due to its advantages such as minimally invasive and faster recovery. BAV demonstrates significant efficacy in effectively reducing transvalvular pressure gradients. However, long-term follow-up is necessary to monitor the occurrence of complications such as restenosis and aortic insufficiency. This paper reviews the indications, contraindications, efficacy, and complications of BAV based on relevant literature and clinical practice, aiming at providing references for the best treatment strategies for CAS in children.

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