Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common cardiovascular issues in preterm infants, with an incidence rate as high as 56.2% in infants with extremely low birth weight. Hemodynamically significant PDA is closely associated with severe complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and intraventricular hemorrhage, increasing mortality and prolonging length of hospital stays in preterm infants. Current treatment strategies for preterm infants PDA include conservative therapy, pharmacological therapy (e.g., indomethacin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, etc.), and surgical/interventional therapy, but the optimal treatment regimen remains controversial. This paper systematically reviews the occurrence status, influencing factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis of PDA in preterm infants by analyzing the latest clinical evidence, aiming at providing an evidence-based basis for individualized management of PDA in preterm infants.

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