National security forms the bedrock of national rejuvenation, and social stability serves as the fundamental prerequisite for a nation's prosperity. The enhancement and upgrading of Lancang⁃Mekong Cooperation have not only acted as a catalyst for regional prosperity and development but have also put the cross⁃border import and spread of various infectious diseases and their pathogenic factors on the “wheels of fire and wind”. The complex and severe challenges in infectious disease prevention and control within the Five Mekong Countries, when superimposed upon the long⁃standing structural deficiencies in China's public security governance system⁃particularly in the southwestern border regions⁃and the volatile regional security environment, exert multifaceted adverse effects on China's overseas interests security, public health security, and social security. This paper explores the current status of infectious disease epidemic risks in the Five Mekong Countries, systematically elucidates their effect mechanisms on China's national security, and proposes integrated response strategies, aiming at providing reference for policymakers and interdisciplinary scholars. In the process of striving to build a higher⁃level Peaceful China Initiative, the building of a Community with a Shared Future for the Lancang⁃Mekong Countries and a Community with a Shared Future for Global Health should also be actively promoted.

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