The testis is a core organ of the male reproductive system. The blood‑testis barrier, the local immunosuppressive microenvironment, and various immune cells collectively constitute the testicular immune microenvironment. The unique immune microenvironment of the testis maintains testicular immune homeostasis through multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, which is crucial for ensuring the normal operation of endocrine and spermatogenic functions of the testis. However, during the aging process, significant changes occur in testicular immune homeostasis, primarily manifested as a chronic low‑grade inflammatory state and alterations in the composition and function of immune cell subsets. The imbalance of testicular immune homeostasis can further exacerbate testicular aging. This paper introduces the mechanisms maintaining testicular immune homeostasis, analyzes the changes in testicular immune homeostasis during aging and their impact on male reproductive function, and further explores the application prospects of stem cell therapy in restoring testicular immune homeostasis.

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