Under the background of the continuous and in⁃depth promotion of the Healthy China Initiative, China's health service is accelerating the realization of a profound transformation from “putting disease treatment at the center” to “putting people's health at the center”. In line with this change, the connotation and extension of new drug research and development have also changed significantly. It is no longer a simple problem of laboratory technology innovation or enterprise product development, but a systematic strategic issue closely related to national public health security, the upgrading of the pharmaceutical industry, the reconstruction of the medical service system, the improvement of the medical insurance payment mechanism, and the improvement of people's health and well⁃being. Since the 14th Five⁃Year Plan, the national level has continuously introduced policies around the construction of Healthy China, high⁃quality development of the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulatory reform, full⁃chain support for new drugs, medical insurance access for new drugs and the construction of a multi⁃level payment system, promoting the development of new drugs in China to gradually shift from “quantitative growth” to “quality improvement, value orientation and system synergy”. On the basis of reality, China's population aging continues to accelerate, and chronic non⁃communicable diseases (hereinafter referred to as chronic diseases) continue to dominate the disease spectrum in China. This means that the focus of health governance has gradually expanded from the prevention and control of acute infectious diseases and single disease treatment to the coordinated promotion of life⁃cycle health management, comprehensive prevention and control of major chronic diseases, and high⁃level clinical innovation and translation. Based on China's policy system and institutional practice, this paper systematically analyzes the tendency of new drug research and development in the new era and how to reshape China's health development pattern from the dimensions of national strategy, industrial base, technology trends, clinical translation, medical insurance payment and patient accessibility.

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