Massive hemorrhage after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients is a life⁃threatening serious complication, often triggered by the rupture of an internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, with high mortality. Internal carotid artery embolization (ICAE) can effectively control massive hemorrhage caused by internal carotid artery rupture and save patients' lives. However, indications and potential risks should be comprehensively considered in clinical application. This paper focuses on the rupture and hemorrhage of internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, summarizes the application strategy of ICAE in such cases, analyzes its clinical effect and safety, and discusses the challenges and future development directions of this technique, aiming to provide hemostasis strategies and treatment guidance for clinical management of such critical situations.

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