Transcatheter arterial embolization serves as a core technique for minimally invasive interventional medicine. The structure and properties of embolization materials directly determine the efficacy of embolization. This paper reviews the research progress on solid, liquid, liquid⁃to⁃solid phase transition, and multifunctional embolization materials. The performance of various embolization materials has been improved via modification. Liquid⁃to⁃solid phase transition materials enable precise drug loading, and multifunctional embolization materials drive the upgrading of embolization⁃therapy modalities. At present, embolization materials have achieved a multifunctional leap from simple, single⁃level vascular occlusion to multi⁃plane embolization and multi⁃drug release for precise treatment. However, there are still challenges such as biocompatibility, response accuracy, operational controllability, and clinical transformation. Multidisciplinary integration is an important direction for the research and development of new embolization materials, which provides a reference for the technical innovation and efficacy improvement of interventional embolization.

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